2.5 Aesthetics

The visual and sensory appeal of the product, including its design, color, texture, and packaging. Aesthetics play a significant role in attracting customers and creating a positive first impression.

2.6 Serviceability

The ease with which the product can be repaired, maintained, or upgraded. Products with good serviceability, like computers or industrial machinery, reduce downtime and maintenance costs for customers.

2.7 Perceived Quality

The customer's subjective assessment of the product's quality based on factors such as brand reputation, marketing messages, and previous experiences. Perceived quality can influence purchasing decisions even if the actual product quality is similar to competitors.

3. Quality Assurance in the Product Lifecycle

Product quality assurance is not a one-time event but an ongoing process that should be integrated into every stage of the product lifecycle. The following sections outline how quality can be managed and enhanced at each phase.

3.1 Design and Development

The design phase is crucial as it sets the foundation for the product's quality. Key quality assurance activities during this stage include:

3.1.1 Market Research and Customer Requirements Analysis

Understanding customer needs, preferences, and pain points is essential for designing products that meet or exceed expectations. Conducting market research, surveys, and focus groups can provide valuable insights into customer requirements, which should be translated into clear product specifications.

3.1.2 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)

QFD is a systematic approach that helps translate cu